Industrial energy storage lithium battery recycling

What is industrial recycling of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs)?

The industrial recycling of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) is based on pyrometallurgical and hydrometallurgical methods. a, In pyrometallurgical recycling, whole LIBs or black mass are first smelted to produce metal alloys and slag, which are subsequently refined by hydrometallurgical methods to produce metal salts.

Can lithium-ion batteries be recycled?

A review of lithium-ion battery recycling: technologies, sustainability, and open issues. Batteries 10, 38 (2024). Wagner-Wenz, R. et al. Recycling routes of lithium-ion batteries: a critical review of the development status, the process performance, and life-cycle environmental impacts. MRS Energy Sustain. 10, 1–34 (2023).

What is the global lithium-ion battery recycling industry?

The global lithium-ion battery recycling industry involves various stakeholders; battery manufacturers serve a pivotal role in designing batteries to ensure easy recycling and also take back spent batteries for various processes (Thompson et al., 2020).

Does Australia have a lithium-ion battery recycling industry?

In 2020, CSIRO and the Future Battery Industries Cooperative Research Centre published the most up-to-date, comprehensive review of the status of the lithium-ion battery recycling industry in Australia. The 'Australian Landscape for Lithium-Ion Battery Recycling and Reuse in 2020' report was informed by CSIRO research and stakeholder surveys.

How can recycling reduce end-of-life lithium-ion batteries?

The rapid increase in lithium-ion battery (LIB) production has escalated the need for efficient recycling processes to manage the expected surge in end-of-life batteries. Recycling methods such as direct recycling could decrease recycling costs by 40% and lower the environmental impact of secondary pollution.

What is a lithium-ion battery recycling cycle?

Technical, economic, environmental and social considerations throughout the lithium-ion battery (LIB) recycling cycle. The battery cycle is captured along five dimensions: raw materials, battery manufacturing, battery use, end-of-life (EOL) batteries and recycling.